Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution Chapter Notes Class 9 History

Important Terms and Dates

Chapter: Nazism and the Rise of Hitler


Important Terms

Wall Street Exchange : The name of the world’s biggest stock exchange located in the USA. 

The Great Depression : A worldwide economic slump lasting from 1929 to 1935. 

Reichstag : Name given to the German Parliament.  

Reparation : Compensate for a wrong doing. 

Proletarianisation : To become impoverished to the level of working classes. 

Axis Powers : A group of countries, namely, Italy, Germany and Japan, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania and Yugoslavia who opposed the Allied Power. 

Allied Powers : Formed by Britain, France, Russia and the USA. 

Second World War : Global war that took place from September 1939 to May 1945. About 50 million people were  killed in this war. 

Pearl Harbour : Situated on the Hawaiian Island of Honolulu. It was the main base of the US Pacific Fleet. 

Gestapo : The Secret State Police in Nazi Germany. 

Holocaust : The persecution and mass murder of Jews by German Nazis between 1933 and 1945. 

Propaganda : Specific type of message directly aimed at influencing the opinion of people through the use of  posters, films and speeches. 

Persecution : Systematic and organised punishment of those belonging to a group or religion. 

Concentration aCmp : A camp where people were isolated and detained without due process of law. Typically, it  was surrounded by electrified barbed wire fences. 

Genocidal : Killing on a large-scale leading to destruction of large sections of people. 

Jungvolk : A separate section for Nazi boys upto 14 years of age. 

Gypsy : The groups that were classified as ‘Gypsy’ had their own community identity. Sinti and Roma were two  such communities. Many of them traced their origin to India. 

Pauperised : Reduce to absolute poverty. 

Persecution : Systematic, organised punishment of those belonging to a group or religion. 

Gypsy : The groups that were classified as ‘Gypsy’ had their own community identity. Sinti and Roma were two  such communities. Many of them traced their origin to India. 

Jew : One whose religion is Judaism. 

Pauperised : Reduce to absolute poverty. 

Usurers : Moneylenders charging excessive interest; often used as a term of abuse. 

Ghetto : A quarter of a city in which Jews were formerly required to live 


Important Dates

1889 : Adolf Hitler was born in Austria.  

1914-1918 : First World War  

1917 : Allies strengthened by the US entry in the first world war. 

1918 : Germany capitulates, ending the war; Proclamation of the Weimar Republic. 

1919 : Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles.  

1923 : Germany refused to pay the compensation and the French occupied its leading industrial area, Ruhr to claim their coal. 

1929 : The USA, Wall Street Exchange crashed resulting The Great Economic Depression 

1933 : Hitler was made Chancellor of Germany.  

1934 : Hitler became the President of Germany.  

1935 : World War II, Italy attacked Ethiopia, German Rearmament. Hitler announced Germany would rebuilt its Military.  

1936 : Hitler reoccupied Rhineland.   

1937 : Attack of Japan on China during the Second World War.  

1938 : German troops entered Austria. Integration of Germany and Austria.  

1939 : Germany attacked Czechoslovakia.  

1940 : Declaration of war by Italy on Britain and France and surrender of France.  

1940-1944 : Ghettoisation of Jews.  

8th April 1941 : Germany invaded the Balkans.  

June, 1941 : Germany attacked the USSR.  

1942 : United Nations Declaration signed by the representatives of 26 nations.  

1943 : Defeat of Italy and Germany by the Allied Powers in North Africa. 

1933 to 1945 : The mass murder of Jews by German Nazis in concentration camps and in gas chambers in Poland. 

1945 :Germany surrendered to the Allies. 

1945 : Adolf Hitler, his propaganda minister Goebbels and his entire family committed suicide collectively in his Berlin Bunker. 

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