Nationalism in India Previous Years’ Questions: The chapter contains two important events in the freedom struggle – The Non-cooperation Movement and The Civil Disobedience Movement- of India have been covered in the chapter Nationalism in India. Other topics include Khilafat issue, Rowlatt Act, Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, Simon Commission, different participants in the two major movements. The sense of collective belonging is the last topic in the chapter.
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Nationalism in India CBSE Board Questions
Sessions – 2020 -21 & 2021-22
One Mark Questions
Q. Which of the following was the reason for calling off ‘The Non-Cooperation Movement’ by Gandhiji? [CBSE SQP, 2020-21]
(A) Pressure from the British Government
(B) Second Round Table Conference
(C) Gandhiji’s arrest
(D) Chauri-Chaura incident
Ans. (D) Chauri-Chaura incident
Q. Which of the following event happened on 31 January, 1930? [Diksha]
(A) Gandhi ji wrote a letter to Lord Irwin.
(B) Lahore Session of Congress was concluded.
(C) The Salt March was launched by Gandhi ji.
(D) All of the above.
Ans. (A) Gandhi ji wrote a letter to Lord Irwin
Q. Who among the following wrote the ‘Vande Mataram’? [2020]
(A) Rabindranath Tagore
(B) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
(C) Abanindranath Tagore
(D) Dwarkanath Tagore
Ans. (B) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
Q. Certain events are given below. Choose the appropriate chronological order: [2020]
(i) Coming of Simon Commission to India
(ii) Demand of Purna Swaraj in Lahore Session of INC
(iii) Government of India Act, 1919
(iv) Champaran Satyagraha
Options:
(A) (iii) – (ii) – (iv) – (i)
(B) (i) – (ii) – (iv) – (iii)
(C) (ii) – (iii) – (i) – (iv)
(D) (iv) – (iii) – (i) – (ii)
Ans. (D) (iv) – (iii) – (i) – (ii)
Q. Why did the Simon Commission come to India? Identify the correct reason from the following options: [2020]
(A) To control the campaign against the British in cities
(B) To look into the functioning of the British
(C) To initiate salt law in India
(D) To suggest changes in the functioning of the constitutional system in India.
Ans. (D) To suggest changes in the functioning of constitutional system in India
Q. Identify the appropriate reason from the following options, for the nonparticipation of industrial workers in the Civil Disobedience Movement. [2020]
(A) Industrialists were close to the Congress
(B) British offered them good salaries
(C) They were reluctant to boycott foreign goods
(D) Growth of socialism.
Ans. (A) Industrialists were close to the Congress
Q. In which of the following places did Mahatma Gandhi organised Satyagraha for the first time in India? [CBSE 2014]
(a) Dandi (b) Ahmedabad (c) Kheda (d) Champaran
Ans. (d) Champaran
(a) Gandhiji agreed not to launch any further mass agitations against the British.
(b) Gandhiji agreed to participate in the Round Table Conference.
(c) Gandhiji decided to call off the Civil Disobedience Movement.
(d) The British agreed to release the political prisoners.
Ans. (a) Gandhiji agreed not to launch any further mass agitations against the British.
Q. Why did Indians oppose the ‘Simon Commission’? (2020)
Ans. The Commission did not have any Indian member.
Q. Name the two main leaders of ‘Khilafat Committee’ formed in the year 1919. (2020)
Ans. Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali
Q. Why was the Inland Emigration Act of 1859 troublesome for plantation workers? (2020)
Ans. Because they were not allowed to move out the tea garden.
Ans. Mahatma Gandhi was the author of ‘Hind Sawaraj’
Ans. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay is the author of ‘Anandmath’
Short and Long Questions
Q. How was the Simon commission greeted in India? [CBSE 2021-22]
Simon Commission was constituted to look into the functioning of government in India and suggest constitutional reforms. But it was vehemently opposed by India leaders.
Opposition of Simon Commission
- The problem was that the commission didn’t have a single Indian member. They were 7 members but all were whites i.e. the British.
- Indians saw it as a violation of their right to self-determination and insult to their self-respect.
- When the Simon Commission arrived in India in 1928, the people showed their opposition by greeting with the slogan ‘Go back Simon’.
- All parties, including the congress and the Muslim League, participated in the demonstrations.
Q. Why did Mahatma Gandhi decide to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922? Explain. [CBSE 2021-22]
Answer:
Reasons behind calling off the Non-cooperation Movement
- The movement had turned violent.
- The immediate cause was the Chauri Chaura incident in Gorakhpur. On February 5, 1922 police fired at the people who are agitating in favour of Non-cooperation Movement. The people rebelled against the police and burnt the police station. As a result, 22 policemen were died
- Gandhiji withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement on 12 February, 1922.
Q. How did the First World War create a new economic situation in India? Explain. [2021-22]
Ans. The following were the effects of the First World War on the economic and political situation of India:
(i) More defence budget forcing countries to take war loans.
(ii) Shortages leading to prices doubling between 1913-18.
(iii) The Custom duty and taxes were raised leading to price rise.
(iv) Forced recruitment in to the army led to discontent among the people.
(v) Shortage of food items because of crop failures
(vi) Spread of epidemic leading to death of many people
Q. How did the Non-Cooperation Movement unfold in the cities and towns of India? (SQP 2021-22)
Answer.
(i) The movement started with middle-class participation in the cities.
(ii) Thousands of students left government-controlled schools and college.
(iii) Many teachers resigned.
(iv) Lawyers gave up their legal practices.
(v) The council elections were boycotted in most provinces except Madras.
(vi) Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed, and foreign cloth burnt in huge bonfires.
Q. “Tribal peasants interpreted the message of Mahatma Gandhi and the idea of swaraj in another way and participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement differently.” Justify the statement.
Answer.
(i) Spread of militant guerrilla movement in the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh.
(ii) They were against colonial policies.
(iii) Their livelihood was affected and their traditional rights were denied.
(iv) Their leader Alluri Sitaram Raju was inspired by the Non-Cooperation Movement and persuaded people to wear khadi and give up drinking.
(v) He wanted liberation by the use of force.
(vi) The rebels attacked police stations and carried on guerrilla warfare for achieving swaraj.
(vii) Any other relevant point
Q. Read the given text and answer the following questions: (SQP 2021-22)
‘It is said of “passive resistance” that it is the weapon of the weak, but the power which is the subject of this article can be used only by the strong. This power is not passive resistance; indeed, it calls for intense activity. The movement in South Africa was not passive but active … ‘Satyagraha is not physical force. A satyagrahi does not inflict pain on the adversary; he does not seek his destruction … In the use of satyagraha, there is no ill-will whatever. ‘Satyagraha is pure soul-force. Truth is the very substance of the soul. That is why this force is called satyagraha. The soul is informed with knowledge. In it burns the flame of love. … Nonviolence is the supreme dharma … ‘It is certain that India cannot rival Britain or Europe in force of arms. The British worship the war-God and they can all of them become, as they are becoming, bearers of arms. The hundreds of millions in India can never carry arms. They have made the religion of non-violence their own …’
1. Why did Gandhiji consider nonviolence as supreme dharma?
Ans. Gandhiji adopted nonviolence as a philosophy and an ideal way of life. According to him philosophy of nonviolence is not a weapon of the weak; it is a weapon, which can be tried by all.
2. How was Gandhian satyagraha taken by the people who believed in his philosophy?
Ans. A satyagrahi does not inflict pain on the adversary; he does not seek his destruction. In the use of satyagraha, there is no ill-will.
3. Why was Gandhian satyagraha considered as a novel way to resist injustice?
Answer
(i) One could win the battle through nonviolence.
(ii) This could be done by appealing to the conscience of the oppressor.
(iii) People – including the oppressors – had to be persuaded to see the truth, instead of being forced to accept truth through the use of violence.
Q. Why did Gandhiji start Non-Cooperation Movement? Explain. [CBSE SQP, 2020-21]
Ans. The reasons are given below:
(i) Against Rowlatt Act – It was a repressive act.
(ii) Jallianwala Bagh incidence – It showed the cruel face of the British government.
(iii) Khilafat Andolan – The Khilafat Movement leaders gave their support to the Non-Cooperation Movement.
Q. Describe the role of Alluri Sitarama Raju in Andhra Pradesh during 1920s. [CBSE SQP, 2020-21]
Ans. Role of Alluri Sitarama Raju in the Gudem hills of Andhra Pradesh.
(i) Alluri Sitarama Raju claimed that he had a variety of special powers like making astrological predictions, healing people and surviving bullet shots.
(ii) The Rebels proclaimed him as an Incarnation of God.
(iii) Raju was inspired by Gandhiji’s Non-cooperation Movement.
(iv) He persuaded people to wear khadi and give up drinking.
(v) But at the same time, he asserted that India could be liberated only by the use of force, not non-violence.
(vi) He used Guerrilla warfare for achieving Swaraj.
Q. Describe the incident of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. [CBSE SQP, 2020-21]
Answer.
(i) The Rowlatt Act was effective from 10th March, 1919. In Punjab, the protest movement was vast and strong.
(ii) On 10th April, two renowned leaders of the Congress, Dr. Satya Pal and Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew were arrested and were taken to an unknown place.
(iii) A public meeting was held on 13th April at Jallianwala Bagh in a small park enclosed by buildings on all sides to protest against the arrest.
(iv) General Dyer with his British troops entered the park, closed the entrance of the park and commanded his army to fire on the gathered people without any warning.
(v) The firing lasted for ten minutes and sixteen hundred rounds were fired killing about hundreds of people and more than two thousand people were left wounded and unattended.
Q. Explain the meaning and notion of ‘Swaraj’ as perceived by the Plantation Workers. How did they respond to the call of the Non-cooperation Movement? [CBSE SQP, 2020-21]
Answer:
i. Meaning and notion of ‘Swaraj’ as perceived by the Plantation Workers
For plantation workers in Assam, Swaraj meant the right to move freely in and out of the confined space in which they were enclosed, and it meant retaining a link with the village from which they had come.
ii. Response to the call of Non-cooperation Movement:
(a) Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, plantation workers were not permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission, and in fact, they were rarely given such permission.
(b) When they heard of the Non-Cooperation Movement, thousands of workers defied the authorities, left the plantations and headed
home.
(c) They believed that Gandhi Raj was coming and everyone would be given land in their own villages.
(d) They, however, never reached their destination. Stranded on the way by a Railway and Steamer strike, they were caught by the Police and brutally beaten up.
Q. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow: (2020)
Source: The Movement in the Towns:
The movement started with middle-class participation in the cities. Thousands of students left government-controlled schools and colleges, headmasters and teachers resigned, and lawyers gave up their legal practices. The council elections were boy-and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade. As the boycott movement spread, and people began discarding imported clothes and wearing only Indian ones, production of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up.
1. Explain the role of ‘Justice Party’ in boycotting of council elections.
2. How was the effects of ‘non-cooperation on the economic front’ dramatic?
3. Explain the effect of ‘Boycott’ movement on ‘foreign textile trade’.
Answers:
1. The Justice Party, the party of the non-Brahmans, felt that entering the council was one way of gaining some power—something that usually only Brahmans had access to.
2. Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed and foreign cloth burnt in huge bonfires.
3. i. The import of foreign cloth halved.
ii. Merchants & traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade.
iii. Indian textile mills & handloom went up
Q. Why did Gandhiji decide to withdraw the Non-cooperation Movement in 1922? (2020)
Ans. Because the movement was turning violent as was the Chauri-Chaura incident.
- Gandhiji felt that the movement was turning violent in many places.
- A group of volunteers picketing a liquor shop were beaten by a police officer.
- In protest, a group of peasants went to the police station, bolted the door and set the thana ablaze that killed 22 police men.
- The incident shocked Gandhiji and he withdrew the movement immediately.
Q. How did the First World War create a new economic situation in India? Explain. [2021-22]
Q. Explain the implications of the ‘First World War’ on the economic and political situation of India. (2020)
Q. Explain the effects of First World War on India. [2016]
Q. How did the ‘First World War’ create a new economic and political situation in India? Explain with examples. [2016]
Q. Explain any five major problems posed by the First World War in India. [2015]
Ans. The following were the effects of the First World War on the economic and political situation of India:
(i) More defence budget forcing countries to take war loans.
(ii) Shortages leading to prices doubling between 1913-18.
(iii) The Custom duty and taxes were raised leading to price rise.
(iv) Forced recruitment in to the army led to discontent among the people.
(v) Shortage of food items because of crop failures
(vi) Spread of epidemic leading to death of many people
Q. Describe the role of Poor Peasantry in the ‘Civil Disobedience Movement.’ (2020)
Ans. The Peasants joined the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-34) because the poor peasantry was not just interested in the lowering of the revenue but also remission of rent as many had rented land and had been unable to pay the rent during the years of depression and decreasing cash incomes.
When the movement was called off in 1931, without the revenue rates being revised, the Farmers were highly disappointed. In some parts of the country, they launched ‘no rent’ campaign which was not supported by the congress because this might upset the rich peasant and the landlords.
Many of them refused to participate when the movement was re-launched in 1932. These poor peasants joined a variety of radical movements, often led by Socialists and Communists.
Other Topic Wise CBSE Board Questions are given on next pages
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